1. What LOD means in scan-to-BIM
Level of Development (LOD) in BIM describes how complete and reliable a model element is for a given project stage. It is defined in the US BIMForum LOD specification and referenced by ISO 19650 workflows in Australia. LOD is not a scanner setting. It is a modelling contract.
A scan captures reality at millimetre density. Modelling every pipe at LOD 400 on a full hospital is uneconomic. LOD in your quote tells the modeller which elements to build, to what detail, and which can remain as point cloud reference only.
2. LOD 200: approximate placement
LOD 200 elements are generic placeholders with approximate size, shape, and location. Walls exist as typed walls with overall thickness but may not show every niche. MEP may appear as boxes or centrelines without full connection detail.
- Typical use: concept design, feasibility, gross floor area checks
- Structure: column and beam locations with approximate profiles
- Architecture: room boundaries, major openings, floor levels
- MEP: main routes indicated, not fully connectable
3. LOD 300: measurable coordination
LOD 300 elements are modelled with size, shape, location, and orientation that support coordination and quantity take-off. Walls show correct thickness and height. Windows and doors are placed from measured openings. Primary MEP runs reflect visible routes with usable diameters.
| Element | LOD 200 | LOD 300 |
|---|---|---|
| Walls | Generic wall type, approximate thickness | Measured thickness, openings cut, levels set |
| Slabs | Single plane per level | Stepped slabs, penetrations modelled |
| Structure | Column grid and approximate sizes | Member sizes from scan or schedule |
| MEP visible | Boxes or centrelines | Sized pipes and trays on visible routes |
4. What scan-to-BIM does not automatically include
LOD 300 does not mean every hidden pipe behind linings is modelled. It means visible and accessible geometry is modelled to the agreed standard. Concealed services, reinforcement, and internal insulation are usually excluded unless you add a dedicated MEP or structural scope.
- LOD 400 fabrication detail for prefab modules
- Full MEP connectivity and clash-free guarantees
- Architectural finishes and furniture unless scoped
- Legal boundary or cadastral information
5. Writing LOD into your quote
Reference your project BIM Execution Plan. List spaces or zones to be modelled, target LOD per discipline, naming convention, and coordinate system. Include a sample room or level if you want to trial approach before full building commitment.